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Lactic acid is an organic acid with a molecular formula CH3CH(OH)COOH. It is white in the solid state and it is miscible with water to form a colourless solution. Production includes both artificial synthesis as well as natural sources. It is used as a synthetic intermediate in many organic synthesis industries and appropriate for food, beverages, cosmetics, household detergents, industry cleaning chemicals and meat and carcass sanitisation. Lactic acid is ten times more acidic than acetic acid. This higher acidity is the consequence of the intramolecular hydrogen bonding between the α-hydroxyl and the carboxylate group.
In medicine, lactate is one of the main components of lactated Ringer’s solution and Hartmann’s solution. These intravenous fluids consist of sodium and potassium cations along with lactate and chloride anions in solution with distilled water, generally in concentrations isotonic with human blood. It is most commonly used for fluid resuscitation after blood loss due to trauma, surgery, or burns.